The
church of Our Lady (built 13th-15th century), with a 122 m high tower, contains an extremely rich art collection. Top of the
bill is of course the white marble Madonna with Child by Michelangelo. In the choir
gallery are the mausoleums of Mary of Burgundy and Charles the Bold, as well as a
number of remarkable polychromed tombs (13th-14th century).
Because of its canals Bruges is often called '
The
Venice of the North'. The water situation in both cities was, however,
very different. Venice was founded on islands in a lagoon of the Adriatic
sea.
Bruges lies deeper inland ; at least now, because in the five centuries B.C
the Flemish coastline must have been flooded several times by the North Sea.
When the waters retreated they left behind different
sea-arms via which
ships could reach the area where now Bruges is situated. Bruges was
probably already visited by the Vikings. The Flemish name 'Brugge' is
probably derived from the Latin word 'Rogia' (which was the Latin name of
the '
Reie' the river which flowed through Bruges), and the
Scandinavian word '
Bryggia', which meant 'mooring place'.